Which of the following is not a commonly used patient-reported outcome measure in orthopedics?

• A. DASH
• B. KOOS
• C. HOOS
• D. Imaging biomarkers

Answer: (D)

PROMs are questionnaires that patients complete to report their own experience of pain, function, and quality of life related to a musculoskeletal condition. In orthopedics, DASH measures disability of the arm, shoulder, and hand, KOOS focuses on knee-related outcomes across pain, function, and QoL, and HOOS covers hip-related outcomes with similar domains. Imaging biomarkers, on the other hand, come from imaging studies and provide objective structural or biological information about a joint or tissue. They are not derived from the patient’s own report and do not directly measure how the patient feels or functions. Therefore, they are not patient-reported outcome measures, even though imaging findings can complement PROMs in evaluating disease status or progression.